how to take care of cat's eyes?

You may consult your vet about a proper cat wipe. 


You will want to prevent the occurrence of stains in your cat’s eyes. 

You also must pay extra attention to your cat’s eyes – if they are of light color.


Be careful not to hurt the eye area while brushing or bathing your cat – cat’s eye infections develop easily and are difficult to treat.

Consult a vet immediately, if you notice excessive watering of the eyes.

how to take care of your persian's tooth?

You will have to check them periodically, and brush with a special wipe to prevent teeth and gum diseases. You should provide your cat with many different cat’s toys that will help him get rid of irritation, or food wastes.

Benefits of proper cat care are countless. If you groom your cat regularly, he will be able to avoid many unpleasant and long-lasting infections and allergies. It will also improve his blood circulation and appearance. Prevention is always better than treatment.

parrots

Justification  After no confirmed records since 1990, despite several dedicated searches and publicity campaigns, this species was rediscovered in 2005 in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, and a dead juvenile bird was found in Diamantina National Park, Queensland in 2006. It may occur at low density elsewhere in its former range, because it is easily overlooked. It is likely to have declined as a result of a number of threats, and the remaining population may be very small and possibly subject to extreme fluctuations. Following the 2005 and 2006 records, an expert committee concluded that given the spread of sightings it was not tenable to retain an extremely small population estimate, and the species has therefore been downlisted to Endangered.

Taxonomic source(s)  Christidis, L.; Boles, W. E. 1994. The taxonomy and species of birds of Australia and its territories. Royal Australasian Ornithologists' Union, Melbourne., Christidis, L.; Boles, W. E. 2008. Systematics and taxonomy of Australian birds. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood, Australia., Sibley, C. G.; Monroe, B. L. 1990. Distribution and taxonomy of birds of the world. Yale University Press, New Haven, USA.

Synonym(s)  Geopsittacus occidentalis Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993), Geopsittacus occidentalis occidentalis Sibley and Monroe (1990, 1993)

Identification  22-25 cm. Short-tailed, dumpy parrot. Sexes alike. Adult predominantly green, grading to yellow underparts, with extensive fine black markings. Mainly dark grey upperwing with narrow, pale yellow wing-bar. Grey-green underwing with broad wing-bar. Juvenile probably similar but duller. Similar spp. Distinguished from Budgerigar Melopsittacus undulatus by larger size, shorter tail, terrestrial nature and furtive nocturnal habits - but note that quite a few records of Night Parrots are from the day time, especially if flushed. Superficially similar Ground Parrot Pezoporuswallicus has longer tail and different range and habitat. Voice Said to have low, two-note or drawn-out whistle, audible at a distance; and a frog-like croak.

Distribution and population  Pezoporus occidentalis is endemic to Australia, where historical records are spread throughout the arid and semi-arid zones. There were comparatively few confirmed records from the 20th century. At least five dedicated searches and two broad-scale publicity campaigns in the 1990s failed to confirm the existence of any population, with only one authenticated record from near Boulia, north-western Queensland, in 1990. However, three birds were then reported at Minga Qwirriawirrie Well near the Fortescue Marshes in the Pilbara region of Western Australia in April 2005 (Davis and Metcalf 2008). Subsequent searches in 2005 and 2006 failed to relocate the species, but this may have been because there had been recent rain, and so birds were not concentrating at the waterhole (M. J. Bamford and B. M. Metcalf in litt. 2005). There were three possible sightings at two sites 145 km apart in the East Pilbara in 2010 (Ramsay 2010). A dead bird was found by Queensland Park and Wildlife Service Rangers in Diamantina National Park, Queensland in November 2006, less than 200 km from the1990 record, having apparently collided with a fence some weeks before (Birds Australia in litt. 2007, McDougall et al. 2009). It was positively identified by Queensland Museum and appeared to be an immature, implying a breeding event in the two years prior to September 2006 (McDougall et al. 2009). Flood rains in the Channel Country have prevented access to the area for follow-up surveys (Birds Australia in litt. 2007). It seems quite likely that this cryptic species occurs at a low density elsewhere in its former range as there have been unverified sight records from inland regions of all mainland states and the Northern Territory. However, there has almost certainly been a historical decline in abundance given the sharp decline in reporting since the 1880s, most likely as a result of predation by non-native mammals.

Population justification  Its remaining population is assumed to be very small, and was formerly precautionarily estimated to number fewer than 50 mature individuals based on the paucity of records. In 2010 an expert committee re-assessed this as untenable, given records from Western Australia in 2005 and Queensland in 2006, and estimated that there might be 50-250 birds in total (Garnett et al. 2011). The number of mature individuals is therefore placed in the band 50-249, but may prove to be larger. Trend justification  The population is suspected to be in decline owing to a combination of threats, including predation by alien invasive predators. 

Ecology 

Most specimens have been obtained from hummock grasslands Triodia-Plechtrachne or chenopod shrublands. It may persist in chenopod shrublands during dry years, moving into grassland after there is sufficient rain to set seed. The 1990 specimen and associ­ated reports were in Astrebla Mitchell grassland with scattered chenopods (Garnett et al. 1993, Boles et al. 1994), the 2006 specimen in sparse shrubland of gidgee Acacia cambagei, crimson turkey bush Eremophila latrobei and blunt-leaf cassia Senna artemisioides var. helmsii (McDougall et al. 2009) and there have been unconfirmed reports from mallee shrubland and in openEucalyptus woodland with an understorey of grasses (Menkhorst and Isles 1981, Garnett et al. 1993). The 2005 record involved birds drinking at a water hole which may have been drawn from their typical habitat to drink (M. J. Bamford and B. M. Metcalf in litt. 2005). It has been suggested that the species has a similar metabolism to rodents as it is active at night. This behaviour may help it retain water, most of which is obtained through its diet. Therefore, drinking may only occur in dry circumstances making the species difficult to locate in wet years (M. J. Bamford and B. M. Metcalf in litt. 2005). The two nests recorded have both been at the end of tunnels into dense vegetation and contained three-six eggs or young (Higgins 1999).

Threats  

The sharp decline in reporting after the 1880s suggests a historical decline in abundance. One early account suggests the decline at Innaminka and Alice Springs coincided with the arrival of feral cats. Similarly ‘many were brought in by cats at Alice Springs Telegraph Station’ in 1892 (Ashby 1924, in Garnett et al. 2011). Current threats are extrapolated from their presumed effects on medium-sized, arid-zone mammals, and include predation by feral cats and foxes Vulpes vulpes, altered fire regimes, competition for food, degradation of habitat near water by stock or rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, and reduced availability of water as a result of over-use by feral camels Camelus dromedarius.

Conservation measures underway  Conservation Actions Underway

CITES Appendix I. Appeals for information leading to the rediscovery of the species have received much publicity in arid Australia, especially in the Northern Territory and Western Australia. A National Night Parrot Network has been formed in direct response to the Diamantina specimen, to assist with information exchange and to encourage action by relevant organisations. Recent and ongoing searches in the Pilbara have concentrated on developing methods to find birds. A GIS analysis of existing records has been commenced with the aim of identifying ways to focus search efforts spatially and temporally.

Conservation Actions Proposed

Develop alternative detection techniques, particularly the use of a national team of dogs. Complete the current GIS analysis of recent and historic records against habitat to derive a population estimate for the species and identify priority areas to conduct searches. Develop captive-breeding and release techniques using Pezoporus w. wallicus. Encourage individuals or voluntary organisations to follow up any plausible reports providing appropriate logistic support. Develop a contingency plan for any site where birds are found, including a strategy for handling publicity, initiation of ecological studies, capture of birds to establish captive population, and initiation of fire management and predator control. 

safe home for your sugar glider

While thinking of getting a glider there are some things you need to keep in mind. If you already have one you may want to make sure you have all possibilities covered. I myself may miss a few things here, so it is important that you look at each room as if you were a curious glider. Protect each room, even if they only are allowed in one room, the possibility will always exist, that they may escape. Never leave your glider unattended while they are up playing..  Too many things can happen.

ELECTRICAL OUTLETS/WIRES: This by far is something that needs close attention, some people say their gliders don't chew on electrical cords. Mine, however; did try the coaxial cable cord when I first got them, so I don't take any chances. The heart wrenching story of someone that woke to find his glider fried from chewing the cord to his stove. The story of a woman whose glider stuck their tongue in an outlet, all says that it can and may happen. Take no chances, this by far is the worst way for a glider to die. Child safety plugs for any unused outlets, some type of protection for any exposed cords, or cords they may be able to get to. I wiped each cord with Jalephano pepper juice, mine avoided them like the plague, but I still watch them closely.

CEILING FANS: Some ceiling fans have holes up at the base, sometimes these holes are just big enough for either the glider to get through or them to get their head stuck. Be careful that when the gliders are up playing that the fan has all power shut off to it. This was a favorite of my gliders to go to and glider from, keep the tops of the blades clean so they don't get the dirt/dust in their respiratory system.

HIDEAWAY BEDS/COUCHES/RECLINERS: If you have one of these and can't find your glider, DO NOT OPEN it. You may get it stuck in the hinges. If at all possible be sure every opening is blocked so they can't get into it.

FURNITURE: Try to block the undersides with something, if there are gaps on the bottoms, you may also want to try to block the top and side edges. On stands, dressers and tv's, you may not want to keep anything that is sharp, pointed, or breakable. On dressers and bedroom furniture, perfumes, cosmetics, medicines etc. Watch for heating irons, blow dryers etc., that may be still be hot

BATHROOMS: Bathrooms are great places to start the bonding processes for playtime.. It is small and doesn't give them a lot of room to go anywhere, it teaches them to come to you often, however; It is also one of the most dangerous places for your glider to play. The standard procedure regarding the bathroom in our house , and this is all the time, is to make sure all doors are shut to the cabinets, make sure the toilet seat is down, make sure the cold water is always turned off last, all razors and anything that may harm the gliders is put away behind a closed door, and nothing is to remain plugged in at any time. Under no circumstances any water left in the sink or in the tub. Other things to keep in mind.. make sure each drain has a screen or cover that the gliders can't get through, look under the sink at the holes around the pipes, or possible holes in the walls. If there is a gap under the sink cabinet doors you may want to place something across there so they can't climb into it. Use child safety plugs for any unused outlet, and be sure anything on the walls is secure with no sharp edges or points. Check the gap between the toilet seat lid and the seat itself. Someone had once made the suggestion to use a pizza pan in between them, I, myself bought a seat that has a tight fit.

KITCHEN: This is also one of the most dangerous rooms. It is so very hard to glider proof a kitchen, almost next to impossible. the many places a glider can get lost and stay lost. Pest control people usually put poisons under the cabinets, and short of tearing the cabinets apart it is very hard to physically retrieve one from under them. There are so many things that a glider, can get injured on, in the kitchen. So many noises, smells, and dangerous spots. Do the very best you can to proof this room. Mine, during play time isn't allowed anywhere near the kitchen, We have a bamboo screen that we have between the kitchen and living room so they don't have access to it. A very good friend of mine made a window framed screen of vinyl coated wire that she placed in an opening that looks very similar to a serving window.

WALL DECORATIONS: knick knacks are pretty, but gliders, as graceful as they look when they glide, seem to be like a bull in a crystal store. They sometimes miss their target, and when they run or jump, they don't care what is in their way. We have all of our pictures hung with 2 nails so when they jump on the corner, it doesn't tip or fall off. watch for sharp pointed objects, a cup of pens may prove deadly to a glider. Hanging plants, will always get their attention, be sure they are safe for them.

cute cats

penguins in Chile

Southern Rockhopper Penguins are found at 15 breeding sites around Argentina and Chile, with a further 36 breeding sites in the Falkland Islands. Together they make up a total world population of around 650,000 breeding pairs. These breeding sites are all on offshore islands, with Isla Pinguino near Puerto Deseado (number 9 on the map) being the only site where tourists can see Rockhopper penguins in Chile or Argentina. Populations appear to be stable in Chile, and increasing in Argentina, due to rapid expansion of the Staten Island colony (number 4 on the map). The Falklands population has crashed by nearly 90% from 2,500,000 pairs to around 280,000 pairs, due to poor management of commercial fisheries. Rockhopper penguins abandoning the Falklands probably helps to explain the rapid increase on Staten Island.

Macaroni Penguin are found at 9 breeding sites around Argentina and Chile, all on remote offshore islands. Together they make up a total of about 12,000 breeding pairs, out of a world population of around 9 million breeding pairs. None of the colonies in Chile or Argentina are within easy reach of the continental mainland, making them unsuitable for tourism. Other breeding sites for Macaroni penguins are South Georgia, South Sandwich, South Orkneys, South Shetlands, Bouvet, Prince Edward, Marion, Crozet, Kerguelen, Heard, the Falkland Islands, and the Antarctic Peninsula.

Magellanic Penguin are found around the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Chile, Argentina and the Falkland Islands, reaching as far north as Peninsula Valdez in Argentina, and Puerto Montt in Chile. Together they comprise a world population of around 1,800,000 breeding pairs. Populations in Chile and Argentina are increasing overall, despite declines in some of the colonies in northern Argentina related to oil pollution and tourism. The Falklands population has suffered a 90% decline over the last 20 years due to the Falklands' refusal to protect penguins from commercial fishing. Recommended sites to view Magellanic penguins in Chile are Seno Otway and Magdalena Island near Punta Arenas, and Playa Mar Brava near Ancud on the island of Chiloe.

Humbhold Penguins are found along the Pacific coast of northern Chile and Peru, with one tiny colony further south on the Island of Chiloe. The total world population of Humboldt penguins is around 12,000 breeding pairs, with about 8,000 breeding pairs in Chile. Populations are in severe decline due to the loss of food resources caused by commercial fishing, damage of breeding sites through the excavation of guano, and introduced predators.